Reliability and Validity of Urdu Version of the Self-efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-item Scale for Patients with Hypertension in Quetta, Pakistan

Aim: Assessment and enhancement of self efficacy can improve the self management behavior of hypertensive patients. The aim of present study is to translate self-efficacy for managing chronic disease 6-item scale (SEM-CD6) into Urdu and check its validity and reliability.

Methodology: A questionnaire based, observational cross sectional study was designed and conducted from March to August 2017 in 5 different Hypertension clinics of Quetta, Pakistan. Instrument was first translated in to Urdu by Forward – Back translation method. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha), Descriptive statistics and Principle component analysis were used to check its Psychometric properties. Linear regression models were used to interpret Beta values.

Results: Questionnaire was successfully translated without removing any item. A total of 387 hypertensive patients agreed to participate in study. Among these, 205 (53%) participants were male. One hundred and twelve participants (28.9%), lie in the age groups ranging between 49 to 58 years. Regression model showed the factors significantly associated with self-efficacy were Age (β = 0.273, P < 0.01), Education (β = 0.143, P = 0.011) Occupation (β = 0.107, P < 0.05) and Exercise (β = -0.147, P < 0.01). Internal consistency was found to consistent with Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.94. Principal Component analyses yielded one dimensional structure accounting for 78.55% of variance.

Conclusion: The Urdu version of SEM-CD6 is reliable and validated tool to assess self efficacy hypertensive patients of Pakistan level among Urdu Speaking.