Detection of Dynamical Instability in Titan’s Thermospheric Jet

Similar to Earth, Saturn's largest moon, Titan, possesses a system of high-altitude zonal winds (or jets) that encircle the globe. Using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in 2016 August, Lellouch et al. discovered an equatorial jet at much higher altitudes than previously known, with a surprisingly fast speed of up to ∼340 m s−1; however, the origin of such high velocities is not yet understood. We obtained spectrally and spatially resolved ALMA observations in 2017 May to map Titan's 3D global wind field and compare our results with a re-analysis of the 2016 August data. Doppler wind velocity maps were derived in the altitude range ∼300–1000 km (from the upper stratosphere to the thermosphere). At the highest thermospheric altitudes, a 47% reduction in the equatorial zonal wind speed was measured over the 9 month period (corresponding to Ls = 82°–90° on Titan). This is interpreted as being due to a dramatic slowing and loss of confinement (broadening) of the recently discovered thermospheric equatorial jet, as a result of dynamical instability. These unexpectedly rapid changes in the upper-atmospheric dynamics are consistent with strong variability of the jet's primary driving mechanism.