Wetlands of Assam: Livelihood Potential and Management Issues

The present study explores the wetlands of Assam, emphasizing their substantial livelihood potential and the various management issues they face. Assam's wetlands, characterized by a diverse array of aquatic ecosystems, provide crucial services which includes the purification of water, flood regulation, and also provides for the habitat for a variety of flora and fauna. These wetlands also underpin the livelihoods of local communities, offering resources for fishing, agriculture, and tourism. Through a combination of field surveys, remote sensing data, socio-economic assessments and also various available literature this research identifies key livelihood activities supported by these wetlands and quantifies their economic benefits. The study reveals that wetlands contribute significantly to the local economy, particularly through fisheries and agriculture, which sustain thousands of households. Additionally, emerging sectors such as eco-tourism have shown potential for future economic opportunities. However, the sustainability of these benefits is threatened by several management challenges. Encroachment, pollution, and unsustainable extraction of resources are prevalent issues exacerbated by inadequate policy frameworks and enforcement mechanisms. The study also highlights the impact of climate change, which is altering hydrological patterns and affecting wetland health. The research underscores the need for integrated wetland management strategies that balance ecological preservation with socio-economic development. Recommendations include the implementation of community-based management approaches, strengthening policy and regulatory frameworks, and promoting awareness and education programs. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the wetlands of Assam, advocating for sustainable practices to ensure their continued contribution to local livelihoods and ecological balance.