Tissue Culture in Banana Cultivation: A Review of its Impact on Disease Management, Yield Improvement, and Sustainable Production

n several tropical and subtropical areas, bananas (Musa spp.) are an important food source and commercial crop. Disease transmission and production uncertainty are common problems with traditional propagation techniques such as suckers. By supplying consistent, high-quality, and disease-free planting material, tissue culture, known as micro propagation, represents a potential alternative. The application of tissue culture has greatly enhanced disease management in banana cultivation. Reducing the incidence of ailments like Fusarium wilt, bacterial wilt, and Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV), pathogen-free plantlets are grown in controlled conditions. This strategy lessens the demand for artificial fertilizers while also promoting healthier crops and lessening the impact on the environment. Micropropagated banana plants demonstrated consistent growth, early fruiting, and increased yield in contrast to conventionally propagated plants. Tissue-cultured plants exhibit strong development and genetic uniformity, which contribute to these advantages and more consistent and dependable harvests. By promoting efficient land use and reducing the need for chemical inputs, tissue culture enhances sustainability in the production of bananas. The growing demand for bananas may be met without requiring the increase of agricultural land thanks to tissue culture techniques, which enable the large-scale production of enhanced banana cultivars at a quick rate. Furthermore, using planting material free of disease lowers input costs and crop losses, supporting more environmentally friendly farming methods.