Exploring Transgressive Segregation for Enhanced Yield in F2 Segregants of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

The experiment involved F2 generation of three superior crosses of sesame: Thilak X Ayali 1, Thilathara X Ayali 2 and Thilak X Ayali 5, grown in a Compact Family Block Design. A total of 200 plants were grown with a spacing of 30 x 25 cm, and observations were recorded on yield related characters. Significant variation was found among most traits, except for capsule length, capsule width, number of seeds per capsule and the number of primary branches. The cross Thilathara X Ayali 2 exhibited a high frequency of transgressive segregants for multiple traits, particularly for seed yield per plant, making it highly promising for further breeding efforts. Plant height had the highest mean and range, showing considerable potential for selection. CV analysis revealed high variability for traits like the number of capsules per plant and seed yield per plant. In contrast, low variability and high stability was observed for traits like capsule length, number of seeds per capsule and days to maturity. Higher PCV and GCV were recorded for traits like days to first flowering, number of capsules per plant, and seed yield per plant, showing substantial genetic and environmental influences. Moderate PCV and GCV were found for plant height and days to maturity, while traits like capsule length, number of seeds per capsule, and capsule width had the lowest PCV and GCV, indicating limited genetic variation. Days to first flowering and days to maturity showed high heritability combined with high genetic advance, suggesting the preponderance of additive gene action and are ideal for simple selection. Traits like capsule length, capsule width, and number of seeds per capsule showed low heritability and genetic advance, making them less ideal for selection. The cross, Thilathara X Ayali 2 should be prioritized in future generations to recover desirable segregants, especially for economically important traits like seed yield.