Clinical Manifestation of Congenital Aniridia in Indonesia

Background: Congenital aniridia is a rare, panophthalmic disorder that can cause vision loss. Knowledge of aniridia as an isolated ocular abnormality or as a part of systemic abnormalities is important. Management of congenital aniridia should be carried out comprehensively based on it. Objective: To describe clinical features and management of congenital aniridia in a top referral eye hospital in Indonesia. Methods: A retrospective study involving 43 eyes of 22 children (younger than 18 years) diagnosed with congenital aniridia from 2013 to 2018. A detailed history was taken and a complete ophthalmic examination and a systemic examination were performed as required. Clinical characteristics associated with ocular and systemic manifestation and its management were noted. Results: Mean age of patients was 7.6 ± 5.2 years (range 0 - 17 years). Most cases were female (55%) and sporadic (77%). Twenty-one (96%) patients had bilateral involvement at presentation. Foveal hypoplasia was found in 36 eyes (84%), followed by cataract in 26 eyes (61%) and secondary glaucoma in 13 eyes (30%). Nine patients (43%) with cataract had cataract surgery performed. Only 1 patient (5%) with secondary glaucoma underwent filtration surgery. All patients had moderate to severe visual impairment and low vision aid was considered. Regarding its systemic manifestation, none of the patients was diagnosed with an abnormality in the abdomen. Conclusion: There were various ocular features associated with congenital aniridia. Understanding the clinical characteristic and its management could improve the quality of vision in aniridia patients.